Seattle, WA—Researchers used electronic health records to identify Group Health patients who weren’t screened regularly for cancer of the colon and rectum—and to encourage them to be screened. This centralized, automated approach doubled these patients’ rates of on-time screening—and saved health costs—over two years. The March 5 Annals of Internal Medicine published the randomized controlled trial.
“Screening for colorectal cancer can save lives, by finding cancer early—and even by detecting polyps before cancer starts,” said study leader Beverly B. Green, MD, MPH. “But screening can’t help if you don’t do it—and do it regularly,” added Dr. Green, a family physician at Group Health and an affiliate investigator at Group Health Research Institute.
More than one in 20 Americans will develop colorectal cancer, which is second only to lung cancer in causing deaths from cancer, Dr. Green said. Screening for colorectal cancer is strongly recommended for everyone age 50 to 75 years, but almost half of Americans do not get screened regularly—far below the screening rates for cervical and breast cancer.
“It’s important to find ways to ensure that more people are screened for colorectal cancer—and keep being screened regularly,” Dr. Green said. “I’ve seen patients die from this cancer. So I was thrilled to find that our intervention doubled screening rates and kept them up to date regularly over two years in people who hadn’t been getting regular screening.”
The SOS (Systems of Support to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening) trial started by identifying 4,675 Group Health patients, age 50 to 73, who weren’t up to date for colorectal cancer screening. Then they were randomly assigned to one of four stepped groups:
Each step of the SOS intervention raised the percentage of patients who were current for colorectal screening for both years: 26 percent for usual, 51 percent for automated, 57 percent for assisted, and 65 percent for navigated care.
The two-year costs of the automated intervention plus the screening were actually $89 lower than if the patients had received only usual care. The reason: compared with patients who received usual care, more of those in the automated care group happened to choose FOBT instead of sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. And the kit costs much less than the procedures do.
“Traditionally, the onus has been on each primary-care doctor to encourage their patients to get health screening tests on schedule,” Dr. Green said. Group Health pioneered using a centralized registry to remind women to be screened regularly for breast cancer. “We borrowed that approach and applied it to colorectal cancer,” she added. “We empowered patients to do testing on time, by giving them options, or sending them a FOBT kit by default if no choice was made.”
What’s next? “We plan to test whether improved adherence persists for more than two years,” she said. This is particularly important for patients who choose FOBT, because it should be repeated every year. “We are also testing this intervention in ‘safety-net’ clinics, which serve low-income people,” Dr. Green added. More of those clinics now have electronic health records and can now leverage these to provide population-based care, similar to Group Health and Kaiser Permanente.
The SOS trial was supported by grant R01CA121125 from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health.
Dr. Green’s co-authors at Group Health Research Institute were Assistant Investigator Jessica Chubak, PhD, MBHL, Senior Biostatistician Melissa L. Anderson, MS, and Analyst Programmer Sharon Fuller. Dr. Green has a joint appointment as an assistant clinical professor at the University of Washington School of Medicine, and Dr. Chubak is also at the University of Washington School of Public Health. Their other co-authors were Ching-Yun Wang, PhD, of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, in Seattle; Richard T. Meenan, PhD, of the Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, in Portland, OR; and Sally W. Vernon, PhD, of The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
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Other Group Health researchers published a different study of colorectal screening in the same issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.
In people of average risk at four HMO Research Network sites, including Group Health, they found that screening colonoscopy was associated with reduced risk of newly diagnosed late-stage cancers for both left- and right-sided colorectal cancers. Screening sigmoidoscopy was associated with a reduced risk of left-sided, but not right-sided, late-stage colorectal cancers. (Cancers differ depending on whether they start on the left or right side of the bowel.)
GHRI's researchers were:
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Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute
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Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute
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